---
type: Statutory Article
title: "Article 8 — Conditions under which data holders make data available to data recipients"
description: "FRAND comes to device data: when sharing is owed, the terms cannot be a second wall around the moat."
resource: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng"
tags: ["eu-data-act", "chapter-iii", "fairness"]
instrument: eu-data-act
article: 8
chapter: "III"
binds: ["data-holder"]
applies_from: 2025-09-12
cross_refs: [5, 9, 12]
attaches_to: ["cloud"]
legal_review: none
generated: { by: claude-code/opus-5.5, at: "2026-10-09T00:00:00Z" }
status: draft
sources:
  - id: eli
    resource: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng"
    title: "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, Official Journal"
  - id: prototype
    resource: "https://github.com/DavidJCrawford/stewardship-explorer/blob/main/src/data/act.json"
    title: "stewardship-explorer act.json (author's summaries, July 2026)"
---

# Precise reading

Where a data holder is obliged (under Art. 5 or other Union/national law) to make data available to a recipient, it must do so on fair, reasonable, non-discriminatory and transparent terms, agreed with the recipient; discrimination between comparable recipients (including the holder's own partners) is prohibited; exclusivity arrangements frustrating user rights are barred.[^eli]

*A faithful summary of the operative demand, not the statutory text.*

# Plain reading

FRAND comes to device data: when sharing is owed, the terms cannot be a second wall around the moat.

*Paraphrase.*

# Facts

| | |
| --- | --- |
| Chapter | III — [Obligations for Data Holders Obliged to Make Data Available Pursuant to Union Law](/law/eu-data-act/chapters.md) |
| Binds | [Data Holder](/law/eu-data-act/actors.md) |
| Applies from | 2025-09-12 |
| Cross-references | [Article 5](/law/eu-data-act/articles/article-05.md), [Article 9](/law/eu-data-act/articles/article-09.md), [Article 12](/law/eu-data-act/articles/article-12.md) |
| Where it attaches in the building | [cloud](/building/components/cloud.md) |

# Rights that rest on it

- [Take-it-or-leave-it data clauses can't bind you.](/rights/fair-terms.md)

[^eli]: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, Official Journal